Artificial preservatives are everywhere, from your favorite snacks to the cured meats in your fridge. These additives are designed to stop bacteria, mold, and oxidation from spoiling your food, making it last longer and stay safer on store shelves. But some people worried about the effects of consuming them in the long term.
Some people avoid artificial preservatives because of studies linking them to various issues like allergies, behavioral problems, or even cancer. Others trust that food regulators wouldn’t allow unsafe ingredients into the food supply. But the truth is more nuanced: artificial preservatives can be helpful, but they can also come with real concerns, especially when consumed in large quantities over time1.
In this article, I'll break down everything you need to know about artificial preservatives. I’ll explain how they work, which ones are most common, how to spot them on labels, and whether you should be worried about their impact.
Artificial preservatives are chemical substances added to food to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life. These preservatives help food maintain its freshness, texture, and flavor over time, allowing it to stay safe for consumption longer. There are three main types of artificial preservatives:
Antimicrobial preservatives: These prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold that can cause food to spoil or become unsafe. Common examples include sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate.
Antioxidants: Antioxidant preservatives slow down the oxidation process, which causes fats in food to go rancid. BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) are often used as antioxidants in processed foods.
Chelating agents: These bind to metals like iron and copper, which can accelerate the deterioration of food. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a commonly used chelating agent.
Artificial preservatives prevent the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast that cause food to spoil. This helps extend shelf life and keeps food safe to eat for longer. Antioxidants like BHA and BHT slow oxidation, preventing rancidity in fats and oils.